Operating Systems 2022F: Assignment 2
This assignment is still being developed.
Please submit the answers to the following questions via Brightspace by October 11, 2022 by 11:30 AM. There are ?? points in ?? questions.
Submit your answers as a plain text file following this template. Name your answer file "comp3000-assign2-<username>.txt" (where username is your MyCarletonOne username).
Don't forget to include what outside resources you used to complete each of your answers, including other students, man pages, and web resources. Other students should be listed on the "Collaborators:" line, while other resources should be listed at the end of each question. You do not need to list help from the instructor (from lectures, tutorials, or other communication), TAs, man pages, or information found in the textbook.
If you submission:
- Doesn't pass the validator,
- Is not named "comp3000-assign2-myname" where myname is your MyCarletonOne username, or
- Does not contain your Student ID number in the designated part of the template
Then your submission will automatically get a grade of zero, because it won't work with the submission scripts. You have been warned!
Questions
Code
/* 3000shell2.c */
/* variant of 3000shell.c from here:
https://homeostasis.scs.carleton.ca/~soma/os-2019f/code/3000shell.c
*/
/* This version is under GPLv3, copyright 2022, Anil Somayaji */
/* You really shouldn't be incorporating parts of this in any other code,
it is meant for teaching, not production */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1<<16
#define ARR_SIZE 1<<16
#define COMM_SIZE 32
const char *proc_prefix = "/proc";
void parse_args(char *buffer, char** args,
size_t args_size, size_t *nargs)
{
char *buf_args[args_size]; /* You need C99 */
char **cp, *wbuf;
size_t i, j;
wbuf=buffer;
buf_args[0]=buffer;
args[0] =buffer;
for(cp=buf_args; (*cp=strsep(&wbuf, " \n\t")) != NULL ;){
if ((*cp != NULL) && (++cp >= &buf_args[args_size]))
break;
}
for (j=i=0; buf_args[i]!=NULL; i++){
if (strlen(buf_args[i]) > 0)
args[j++]=buf_args[i];
}
*nargs=j;
args[j]=NULL;
}
void become(char *username)
{
int result;
char *shell_argv[3];
extern char **environ;
struct passwd *pw_entry;
pw_entry = getpwnam(username);
if (pw_entry == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not find user %s.\n", username);
exit(-2);
}
result = setgid(pw_entry->pw_gid);
if (result != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to change to gid %d\n",
pw_entry->pw_gid);
exit(-3);
}
result = setuid(pw_entry->pw_uid);
if (result != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to change to uid %d\n",
pw_entry->pw_uid);
exit(-4);
}
}
void find_binary(char *name, char *path, char *fn, int fn_size) {
char *n, *p;
int r, stat_return;
struct stat file_status;
if (name[0] == '.' || name[0] == '/') {
strncpy(fn, name, fn_size);
return;
}
p = path;
while (*p != '\0') {
r = 0;
while (*p != '\0' && *p != ':' && r < fn_size - 1) {
fn[r] = *p;
r++;
p++;
}
fn[r] = '/';
r++;
n = name;
while (*n != '\0' && r < fn_size) {
fn[r] = *n;
n++;
r++;
}
fn[r] = '\0';
stat_return = stat(fn, &file_status);
if (stat_return == 0) {
return;
}
if (*p != '\0') {
p++;
}
}
}
void setup_comm_fn(char *pidstr, char *comm_fn)
{
char *c;
strcpy(comm_fn, proc_prefix);
c = comm_fn + strlen(comm_fn);
*c = '/';
c++;
strcpy(c, pidstr);
c = c + strlen(pidstr);
strcpy(c, "/comm");
}
void signal_handler(int the_signal)
{
int pid, status;
if (the_signal == SIGHUP) {
fprintf(stderr, "Received SIGHUP.\n");
return;
}
if (the_signal != SIGCHLD) {
fprintf(stderr, "Child handler called for signal %d?!\n",
the_signal);
return;
}
pid = wait(&status);
if (pid == -1) {
/* nothing to wait for */
return;
}
if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
fprintf(stderr, "\nProcess %d exited with status %d.\n",
pid, WEXITSTATUS(status));
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "\nProcess %d aborted.\n", pid);
}
}
void run_program(char *args[], int background, char *stdout_fn,
char *path, char *envp[], char *new_user)
{
pid_t pid;
int fd, *ret_status = NULL;
char bin_fn[BUFFER_SIZE];
pid = fork();
if (pid) {
if (background) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Process %d running in the background.\n",
pid);
} else {
pid = wait(ret_status);
}
} else {
if (new_user) {
become(new_user);
} else {
setegid(getgid());
seteuid(getuid());
}
find_binary(args[0], path, bin_fn, BUFFER_SIZE);
if (stdout_fn != NULL) {
fd = creat(stdout_fn, 0666);
dup2(fd, 1);
close(fd);
}
if (execve(bin_fn, args, envp)) {
puts(strerror(errno));
exit(127);
}
}
}
void pinfo(void)
{
printf("uid=%d, euid=%d, gid=%d, egid=%d\n",
getuid(), geteuid(), getgid(), getegid());
}
void prompt_loop(char *username, char *path, char *envp[])
{
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
char *all_args[ARR_SIZE];
char **args;
int background;
size_t nargs;
char *s;
int i, j;
char *stdout_fn, *new_user;
while(1){
printf("%s $ ", username);
s = fgets(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, stdin);
if (s == NULL) {
/* we reached EOF */
printf("\n");
exit(0);
}
parse_args(buffer, all_args, ARR_SIZE, &nargs);
if (nargs==0) continue;
args = all_args;
if (!strcmp(args[0], "exit")) {
exit(0);
}
if (!strcmp(args[0], "pinfo")) {
pinfo();
continue;
}
new_user = NULL;
if (!strcmp(args[0], "become")) {
if (nargs > 2) {
new_user = args[1];
args = args + 2;
nargs = nargs - 2;
} else {
fprintf(stderr,
"ERROR: become needs a username "
"and a command\n");
}
}
background = 0;
if (strcmp(args[nargs-1], "&") == 0) {
background = 1;
nargs--;
args[nargs] = NULL;
}
stdout_fn = NULL;
for (i = 1; i < nargs; i++) {
if (args[i][0] == '>') {
stdout_fn = args[i];
stdout_fn++;
printf("Set stdout to %s\n", stdout_fn);
for (j = i; j < nargs - 1; j++) {
args[j] = args[j+1];
}
nargs--;
args[nargs] = NULL;
break;
}
}
run_program(args, background, stdout_fn, path, envp, new_user);
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[])
{
struct sigaction signal_handler_struct;
char *username;
char *default_username = "UNKNOWN";
char *path;
char *default_path = "/usr/bin:/bin";
memset (&signal_handler_struct, 0, sizeof(signal_handler_struct));
signal_handler_struct.sa_handler = signal_handler;
signal_handler_struct.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
if (sigaction(SIGCHLD, &signal_handler_struct, NULL)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't register SIGCHLD handler.\n");
}
if (sigaction(SIGHUP, &signal_handler_struct, NULL)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't register SIGHUP handler.\n");
}
username = getenv("USER");
if (!username) {
username = default_username;
}
path = getenv("PATH");
if (!path) {
path = default_path;
}
prompt_loop(username, path, envp);
return 0;
}