Part I

Background

APODIO is a GNU/Linux distribution whose development began roughly eight years ago in an effort to create a platform of unified multimedia tools and programs that provide a complete and comprehensive suite of applications for A/V development.<ref name = "APODIO_about">"About << APODIO": apodio.org. 2011-01-09. (Last accessed 2011-10-13).</ref><ref>"DistroWatch.com: APODIO": distrowatch.com. 2011-07-27. (Last accessed 2011-10-13).</ref> It provides an extensive collection of applications focusing on audio and video creation, development and production. Built on the Ubuntu platform, APODIO provides its users with a range of applications for various multimedia-based tasks (image and photo editing and manipulation, audio and video recording and editing, etc.). Users new to the concept will find solace in the simpler programs provided with the distribution (such as Audacity, a utility designed to record and edit music, and GIMP, a larger program designed for image manipulation and modification). The plurality of applications available, however, are designed for users who have a bit more knowledge and experience in A/V development, and thus, this distribution is utilized most efficiently in the hands of advanced to intermediate users.

APODIO is developed by APO33, a primarily French laboratory located in France, consisting of artists and programmers focusing on the immersion of technology and art.<ref>"APO33 (English)": apo33.org. 2011. (Last accessed 2011-10-13).</ref> Their attitude towards software development and distribution is "coplyleft,"<ref>"Copyleft Attitude << APO33" apo33.org. 2010. (Last accessed 2011-10-13).</ref> the cleverly coined method by which a program or software distribution is made free (including any extended or modified version of the software).<ref>"What is Copyleft? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)": gnu.org. 2011-09-20. (Last accessed 2011-10-17).</ref> The most recent version of APODIO (APODIO8-RC5) can be downloaded from their website here, and comes in a roughly 4.1 GB .iso file. Once installed and expanded, however, roughly 10 GB of file space is used (due to the extensive number of robust applications that come prepackaged with the distribution).

Even though more advanced A/V users will appreciate the full functionality of APODIO, that's not to say it's not for beginners, as well. Members of APO33 have access to the APODIO Support Club, as well as software workshops, however, annual membership subscriptions to APO33 come at a small fee.<ref>"APODIO SUPPORT CLUB << APODIO": apo33.org. 2010-09-10. (Last accessed 2011-10-14).</ref>

APODIO is licensed under the GNU/GPL.<ref name = "APODIO_about" />

Installation and Startup

Requirements and System Setup

The installation of APODIO is relatively straight-forward. Unlike major Linux distributions that choose to expose minuscule aspects of the operating system to the user for personalization and customization purposes, APODIO hides these, as they are unnecessary for those wanting to simply take advantage of the packaged software within.

Virtualization software (more specifically, VirtualBox 4.1.4) was utilized for the purpose of running this operating system, with Mac OS X 10.7.1 running as the host. The version of APODIO used was APODIO8-RC5, the most recent release.

A new virtual machine was created for APODIO, with the following specifications:

OS Type: Other Linux
Base Memory: 512 MB
Virtual Hard Drive: Normal, .vdi, Fixed Size (16 GB)

APO33 recommends the following minimum hardware specifications in order to run APODIO<ref>"APODIO - Howto - first step! << APODIO": apodio.org. 2009-08-02. (Last accessed 2011-10-15).</ref>:

750 Mhz Pentium-type processor
512 MB of RAM
A standard graphics card (NVIDIA recommended for 3D/OpenGL)
A screen that supports 1024 x 768 resolution (recommended)
A sound card recognized by Alsa
A DVD player (recommended)
A PS/USB mouse
A PS/USB keyboard

Installing APODIO

(Figure 1) APODIO boot-up screen.	(Figure 2) APODIO installer.
(Figure 3) APODIO installer copy operating system files.	(Figure 4) APODIO desktop.

When the .iso is mounted to the virtual CD/DVD drive of the virtual machine and run, you are greeted with a rather friendly boot-up screen, with a variety of options presented (Figure 1). The two options of importance, however, are the abilities to boot the Live System from the disk image, or to immediately start the installer and write the file system to the virtual hard disk. APODIO is fully capable of booting and running as a Live System (from the Live CD/.iso). Some users may prefer this instead of installing all of the files to disk. For the purposes of this report, however, APODIO was installed to disk. After booting live once to see if the virtual machine was capable of running in its environment, the operating system installer was initiated.

After the system loads the necessary files, the user is greeted with a more-friendly looking installer: a simple seven-step procedure with a graphical user-interface to install the operating system (Figure 2). This allows the user to select their desired language, keyboard layout, geographical location and non-administrator user settings (this is misleading, however, and is explained in detail in the section, "User APO33"), as well as configuring and partitioning the (virtual) hard drive that will be used as the install location. There are no installation settings specific to APODIO; all configurable settings are generic to installing any GNU/Linux distribution.

Once all of the settings have been configured, the installer begins to install the operating system (Figure 3). This can take anywhere between five and twenty minutes, depending of the resources allocated to the virtual machine. APODIO does minimal partitioning, creating only two partitions: one for itself and all packages, and another for swap space. Once the system has been installed, the virtual machine will restart, and the operating system can be booted into from disk.

From this point on, when the virtual machine is booted (from the virtual disk, not the .iso disk image), the user is logged in automatically (see section, "User APO33"). At this point, the APODIO desktop is readily available, where the user can utilize all services offered by the operating system, and run any of the installed applications (should their hardware support running it) (Figure 4).

User APO33

Even though during the installation setup a user could seemingly be created, once the operating system is installed and booted, the system automatically logs in as user "APO33," and the user created earlier is gone. On the desktop, a simple text file is listed, entitled, "apoido passwd." The contents of this file lists the credentials (username/password combination) for the only normal user on the operating system, "APO33." New users can be created simply by accessing 'System > Administration > Users and Groups.'

The justification derived from the creation of user "APO33" is that on a GNU/Linux distribution such as this, complex user management is unnecessary, as the system is primarily only used for multimedia management; more complex options take away from the operating system's purpose: to provide a vast collection of tools for A/V development without the hassle of numerous system settings.

At this stage, however, the operating system is ready to be used.

Basic Operation

(Figure 5) APODIO applications menus.	(Figure 6) APODIO running Audacity.
(Figure 7) APODIO running GIMP.	(Figure 8) APODIO's terminal.

As a relatively new user to this environment of audio-video development, only programs simpler in nature were used to demonstrate this distribution's potential.

APODIO organizes the packaged programs within it by media-type and by purpose, in that order (Figure 5). This makes it much easier for finding desired applications, as well as discovering new ones that can be used for the same tasks.

To sample a simple audio program, Audacity was used. Audacity is an open-source, cross-platform program that allows users to record and edit sounds.<ref>"Audacity: Free Audio Editor and Recorder": audacity.sourceforge.net. 2011-04-11. (Last accessed 2011-10-15).</ref> Tasks include amplifying, splicing and mixing sounds, editing .mp3 and .wav files, changing the speed and pitch of a track, to name a few. A generic .midi file was imported to explore the various features. Opening a .midi file yields rather fantastic abilities: since a .midi is just instructions on how to play music (as opposed to actual recorded music), you can see what musical notes actually comprise the file in Audacity (like virtual sheet music). Even running in a virtual environment, the program worked very well, and was able to perform various tasks efficiently (Figure 6).

To sample a simple image program, MyPaint and GIMP were used. MyPaint is an open-source graphics program for artists who appreciate digital mediums for creating, and don't want an annoying interface,<ref>"MyPaint": mypaint.intilinux.com. 2011. (Last accessed 2011-10-16).</ref> and GIMP is the GNU Image Manipulation Program, a package that allows users to modify and manipulate photos, providing features such as photo enhancement and digital retouching.<ref>"GIMP - Feature Overview": gimp.org. 2011. (Last accessed 2011-10-16).</ref> It is a raster editor (meaning that it performs operations directly on the pixels that make up the image), as opposed to a vector image (where the image is made up of directional lines that explain how the image looks). A picture of a sun was drawn in MyPaint using its various brush tools; the variety of tools supplied is quite profound, and really shows the potential of this simple application. That image was then saved and opened in GIMP, where the colour levels were modified (among other settings) to show how simple adjustments propagate larger effects (Figure 7).

As well as the plethora or programs installed, it's important to remember that this is still a typical GNU/Linux distribution under the hood. The common, necessary components remain intact, such as gedit and the terminal (Figure 8).

This is the most basic of operations of APODIO. Simply speaking, it provides the environment in which the provided applications run, and all operations would be unique to each application, and not APODIO. At this stage, however, not even Guest Additions were installed, and APODIO still ran these programs quite well.

Usage Evaluation

With the number of applications included, the organizational tactic implemented, and the simplicity offered by APODIO, this distribution certainly offers what it promises: an operating system that provides a large collection of A/V applications, without the need for modifying unnecessary, finicky settings. Even running in a virtual environment, the system performed relative efficiently. Even though the applications have no real flow mechanism to creating large projects encompassing multiple media-types, the organization of the programs, and the pre-defined structure of folders makes utilizing all the programs simple and easy, however, there are a few minor things that can be improved upon.

When running the APODIO installer, it gives you the illusion that you can change settings that, in reality, have no effect. For one, creating a user has no effect, as the system comes with one default user already, and yet you can still add users once the system is installed, which seems rather contradictory to the design goals. For two, changing the keyboard language settings upon installation yielded no effect when the system was actually running; the system keyboard layout defaulted to 'France,' and thus, pressing certain keys resulted in undesirable outcomes ('m's become commas, 'a's become 'q's, etc.). This setting could be forcefully changed after installation, however.

Overall, however, I think this is an extremely convenient operating system for an A/V fanatics, but it might be lost on some users who prefer a crisper and cleaner look to their environments; APODIO doesn't do the best job of making these programs aesthetically pleasing, but it is arguable that this bare-bones interface gets right down to the point to allow its users simplicity when performing tasks.

Finally, with a distribution as massive as this, it seems rather inappropriate to run it in a virtual machine; the amount of system resources necessary to make this run at the speed an A/V developer would desire is just not available in that environment. Simple tasks can be completed, but the virtual machine would need to steal many resources from the host.

All in all, I think this is a well-rounded distribution, with its advantageous features making up for its shortcomings. All A/V developers should try it out.

Part II

Software Packaging

Software packaged for APODIO arrives in the format .deb, and uses dpkg as the package management software, provided for all Debian GNU/Linux distributions (Ubuntu included, and therefore APODIO) to handle the installation, removal, and modification of software installed on the system. dpkg is a relatively low-level package manager, so the Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) front-end interface is utilized to provide a higher level of abstraction of software management. This is particularly useful when dealing with more complex package management and relationships and package retrieval from additional sources.

To get a list of all currently installed packages, simply type the following at the command line:

$ dpkg -l

To add (or update) packages, simply type the following at the command line:

$ dpkg -i <pkg>
   OR
$ apt-get install <pkg>

To removes a package, simply type the following at the command line:

$ dpkg -r <pkg>
   OR
$ apt-get remove <pkg>

Considering the intentions of this distribution and the number of applications pre-installed, the software catalog for the system is one of the most extensive I've ever seen. The package manager will only need to be utilized by the user if they feel that new versions of APODIO are not released fast enough to compensate for new versions of the pre-installed software.

Major Package Versions

The following table lists a few of the major packages that come with APODIO, with their current version number and upstream source:

Software	Package Name	Version	Upstream URL	Comments
Kernel	linux-image-generic	2.6.32-26.48	N/A	Originally released in 12/2009. Last updated 09/11/2011.
	linux-image-2.6.32-26-generic	2.6.32-26.49
	linux-image-2.6.32-27-generic	2.6.32.27.29

COMP 3000 2011 Report: APODIO