Operating Systems 2014F: Tutorial 1 - Revision history

Soma: /* Dynamic Libraries */

2014-09-05T18:47:08Z

Dynamic Libraries

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	# Using <tt>ldd</tt>, what dynamic library dependencies does the <tt>top</tt> command have? Note that you must specify the full path to <tt>top</tt>.		# Using <tt>ldd</tt>, what dynamic library dependencies does the <tt>top</tt> command have? Note that you must specify the full path to <tt>top</tt>.
	# In addition to the libraries listed as dependencies for the application <tt>top</tt> by <tt>ldd</tt>, there may be other libraries that the application loads dynamically at run-time. Retrieve the process number <em>PID</em> for the <tt>bash</tt> process (using <tt>ps</tt>) and examine the map file located at <tt>/proc/</tt><em>PID</em><tt>/maps</tt>. What other dynamic libraries have been loaded into the application while it has been running?		# In addition to the libraries listed as dependencies for the application <tt>top</tt> by <tt>ldd</tt>, there may be other libraries that the application loads dynamically at run-time. Retrieve the process number <em>PID</em> for the <tt>bash</tt> process (using <tt>ps</tt>) and examine the map file located at <tt>/proc/</tt><em>PID</em><tt>/maps</tt>. What other dynamic libraries have been loaded into the application while it has been running? (You may need to be root to run this command. "sudo su -" will get you root in the VMs with "tneduts!" as the password.

	==Textbook Code==		==Textbook Code==

Soma: /* Dynamic Libraries */

2014-09-05T18:42:48Z

Dynamic Libraries

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	# Using <tt>ldd</tt>, what dynamic library dependencies does the <tt>top</tt> command have? Note that you must specify the full path to <tt>top</tt>.		# Using <tt>ldd</tt>, what dynamic library dependencies does the <tt>top</tt> command have? Note that you must specify the full path to <tt>top</tt>.
	# In addition to the libraries listed as dependencies for the application <tt>top</tt> by <tt>ldd</tt>, there may be other libraries that the application loads dynamically at run-time. Retrieve the process number <em>PID</em> for the <tt>~~csh~~</tt> process (using <tt>ps</tt>) and examine the map file located at <tt>/proc/</tt><em>PID</em><tt>/maps</tt>. What other dynamic libraries have been loaded into the application while it has been running?		# In addition to the libraries listed as dependencies for the application <tt>top</tt> by <tt>ldd</tt>, there may be other libraries that the application loads dynamically at run-time. Retrieve the process number <em>PID</em> for the <tt>bash</tt> process (using <tt>ps</tt>) and examine the map file located at <tt>/proc/</tt><em>PID</em><tt>/maps</tt>. What other dynamic libraries have been loaded into the application while it has been running?

	==Textbook Code==		==Textbook Code==

Soma: /* Shell Basics */

2014-09-05T18:41:47Z

Shell Basics

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	# The <tt>ls</tt> command can be used to get a listing of the files in a directory. What options are passed to <tt>ls</tt> to see all of the files within a directory (including hidden files)?		# The <tt>ls</tt> command can be used to get a listing of the files in a directory. What options are passed to <tt>ls</tt> to see all of the files within a directory (including hidden files)?
	# The <tt>ps</tt> command is used to get a list of processes which are running on the system. Start a new shell by typing "bash". Does the new shell replace or run in parallel with the old shell? What about <tt>exec bash</tt>? You can use the <tt>ps</tt> command to determine if the shell is still running.		# The <tt>ps</tt> command is used to get a list of processes which are running on the system. Start a new shell by typing "bash". Does the new shell replace or run in parallel with the old shell? What about <tt>exec bash</tt>? You can use the <tt>ps</tt> command to determine if the shell is still running.
	# Because each process is started by some other process, there is a process tree structure on the system. From within your terminal, determine what process started ~~csh~~ by using the <tt>pstree</tt> command. What graphical application can give you the same information?		# Because each process is started by some other process, there is a process tree structure on the system. From within your terminal, determine what process started bash by using the <tt>pstree</tt> command. What graphical application can give you the same information?

	==Processes==		==Processes==

Soma: /* Shell Basics */

2014-09-05T18:41:18Z

Shell Basics

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	===Shell Basics===		===Shell Basics===

	Note that <tt>~~csh~~</tt> is the default shell on ~~the SCS~~ systems. ~~Other Linux distributions normally~~ default to <tt>~~bash~~</tt>. Whenever there is a reference to <tt>~~csh~~</tt> in this document, you may substitute <tt>~~bash~~</tt>, <tt>zsh</tt>, or any other standard UNIX shell~~. Please, just be clear which shell you've chosen to use~~.		Note that <tt>bash</tt> is the default shell on most Linux systems. SCS, however, sets the default to <tt>csh</tt>. Whenever there is a reference to <tt>bash</tt> in this document, you may substitute <tt>csh</tt>, <tt>zsh</tt>, or any other standard UNIX shell.

	# The <tt>which</tt> command can be used to figure out what directory an executable program resides in. Using this command, what directory contains the <tt>top</tt> command?		# The <tt>which</tt> command can be used to figure out what directory an executable program resides in. Using this command, what directory contains the <tt>top</tt> command?
	# Which of the following is another shell that can be used instead of ~~csh~~? <tt> mv, cat, bc, ~~bash~~, or arch </tt>		# Which of the following is another shell that can be used instead of bash? <tt> mv, cat, bc, sh, or arch </tt>
	# The <tt>ls</tt> command can be used to get a listing of the files in a directory. What options are passed to <tt>ls</tt> to see all of the files within a directory (including hidden files)?		# The <tt>ls</tt> command can be used to get a listing of the files in a directory. What options are passed to <tt>ls</tt> to see all of the files within a directory (including hidden files)?
	# The <tt>ps</tt> command is used to get a list of processes which are running on the system. Start a new shell by typing "~~csh~~". Does the new shell replace or run in parallel with the old shell? What about <tt>exec ~~csh~~</tt>? You can use the <tt>ps</tt> command to determine if the shell is still running.		# The <tt>ps</tt> command is used to get a list of processes which are running on the system. Start a new shell by typing "bash". Does the new shell replace or run in parallel with the old shell? What about <tt>exec bash</tt>? You can use the <tt>ps</tt> command to determine if the shell is still running.
	# Because each process is started by some other process, there is a process tree structure on the system. From within your terminal, determine what process started csh by using the <tt>pstree</tt> command. What graphical application can give you the same information?		# Because each process is started by some other process, there is a process tree structure on the system. From within your terminal, determine what process started csh by using the <tt>pstree</tt> command. What graphical application can give you the same information?

Soma: /* Shell Basics */

2014-09-05T18:24:41Z

Shell Basics

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	# The <tt>which</tt> command can be used to figure out what directory an executable program resides in. Using this command, what directory contains the <tt>top</tt> command?		# The <tt>which</tt> command can be used to figure out what directory an executable program resides in. Using this command, what directory contains the <tt>top</tt> command?
	# Which of the following is another shell that can be used instead of csh?		# Which of the following is another shell that can be used instead of csh? <tt> mv, cat, bc, bash, or arch </tt>
	# The <tt>ls</tt> command can be used to get a listing of the files in a directory. What options are passed to <tt>ls</tt> to see all of the files within a directory (including hidden files)?		# The <tt>ls</tt> command can be used to get a listing of the files in a directory. What options are passed to <tt>ls</tt> to see all of the files within a directory (including hidden files)?
	# The <tt>ps</tt> command is used to get a list of processes which are running on the system. Start a new shell by typing "csh". Does the new shell replace or run in parallel with the old shell? What about <tt>exec csh</tt>? You can use the <tt>ps</tt> command to determine if the shell is still running.		# The <tt>ps</tt> command is used to get a list of processes which are running on the system. Start a new shell by typing "csh". Does the new shell replace or run in parallel with the old shell? What about <tt>exec csh</tt>? You can use the <tt>ps</tt> command to determine if the shell is still running.

Soma: /* Textbook Code */

2014-09-05T18:06:10Z

Textbook Code

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	If you want to disable ASLR (which causes memory layouts to be randomized), see this [http://askubuntu.com/questions/318315/how-can-i-temporarily-disable-aslr-address-space-layout-randomization Ask Ubuntu article].		If you want to disable ASLR (which causes memory layouts to be randomized), see this [http://askubuntu.com/questions/318315/how-can-i-temporarily-disable-aslr-address-space-layout-randomization Ask Ubuntu article].

			You'll need to add "-l pthread" to your gcc commands for some of these programs:

			gcc mem-stack.c -lpthread -o mem-stack

Soma: /* Shell Basics */

2014-09-05T17:50:47Z

Shell Basics

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	# The <tt>which</tt> command can be used to figure out what directory an executable program resides in. Using this command, what directory contains the <tt>top</tt> command?		# The <tt>which</tt> command can be used to figure out what directory an executable program resides in. Using this command, what directory contains the <tt>top</tt> command?
	# Which of the following is another shell that can be used instead of csh?~~<tt> mv, cat, bc, bash, or arch </tt>~~		# Which of the following is another shell that can be used instead of csh?
	# The <tt>ls</tt> command can be used to get a listing of the files in a directory. What options are passed to <tt>ls</tt> to see all of the files within a directory (including hidden files)?		# The <tt>ls</tt> command can be used to get a listing of the files in a directory. What options are passed to <tt>ls</tt> to see all of the files within a directory (including hidden files)?
	# The <tt>ps</tt> command is used to get a list of processes which are running on the system. Start a new shell by typing "csh". Does the new shell replace or run in parallel with the old shell? What about <tt>exec csh</tt>? You can use the <tt>ps</tt> command to determine if the shell is still running.		# The <tt>ps</tt> command is used to get a list of processes which are running on the system. Start a new shell by typing "csh". Does the new shell replace or run in parallel with the old shell? What about <tt>exec csh</tt>? You can use the <tt>ps</tt> command to determine if the shell is still running.

Soma: /* Textbook Code */

2014-09-05T16:10:25Z

Textbook Code

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	tar xzf code.intro.tgz		tar xzf code.intro.tgz
	cd Code-Intro		cd Code-Intro

			If you want to disable ASLR (which causes memory layouts to be randomized), see this [http://askubuntu.com/questions/318315/how-can-i-temporarily-disable-aslr-address-space-layout-randomization Ask Ubuntu article].

Soma: /* Getting Started */

2014-09-05T16:05:18Z

Getting Started

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	For this lab, you need to get access to the class virtual machine or another Linux or UNIX machine. For more on how to access the virtual machine, see the [http://homeostasis.scs.carleton.ca/wiki/index.php/Operating_Systems_(Fall_2014)#Course_Software Course Software] page.		For this lab, you need to get access to the class virtual machine or another Linux or UNIX machine. For more on how to access the virtual machine, see the [http://homeostasis.scs.carleton.ca/wiki/index.php/Operating_Systems_(Fall_2014)#Course_Software Course Software] page.

			You can also do most of the following using your SCS Linux account. If you do so, then you'll be using <tt>csh</tt>. On most Linux distributions, including the supplied VM, you'll be using <tt>bash</tt>.

	==The Shell==		==The Shell==

Soma at 16:03, 5 September 2014

2014-09-05T16:03:37Z

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	In this ~~lab~~ you will be learning the basics of command-line interaction with UNIX/Linux. ~~This lab should be completed in Tutorial~~.		In this tutorial you will be learning the basics of command-line interaction with UNIX/Linux. Either work on the following for the entire tutorial time or show a TA that you have gone through all of the questions to receive credit for the tutorial.

	==Getting Started==		==Getting Started==