DistOS-2011W Public Goods - Revision history

Frahman: /* Conclusion */

2011-04-13T01:49:03Z

Conclusion

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:49, 13 April 2011
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	As we know, the Internet is becoming a ubiquitous entity in modern day society and access to it is becoming more and more essential as time goes by. It is due to this necessity that people will have a much greater incentive in owning and controlling how the Internet works, basically transitioning the Internet into a public good. However, there are significant portions of the Internet that would be undesirable or unlikely to be held by the public. Many modern businesses rely on the Internet today for a significant portion of their revenue and are actually responsible for a lot of innovation and evolution within the Internet itself. For these reasons it makes most sense to bring portions of the Internet under the public's control.		As we know, the Internet is becoming a ubiquitous entity in modern day society and access to it is becoming more and more essential as time goes by. It is due to this necessity that people will have a much greater incentive in owning and controlling how the Internet works, basically transitioning the Internet into a public good. However, there are significant portions of the Internet that would be undesirable or unlikely to be held by the public. Many modern businesses rely on the Internet today for a significant portion of their revenue and are actually responsible for a lot of innovation and evolution within the Internet itself. For these reasons it makes most sense to bring portions of the Internet under the public's control.

	We first focused on which aspects of the Internet to convert into public goods by examining three ideal candidates: physical infrastructure, web caching and DNS. From examining these entities, a list of common criteria that could be used to identify future public goods on the Internet were exposed. By using this set of criteria one would be able to successfully identify future public goods candidates. Additional benefits of bringing aspects of the Internet under the public's control is the ~~cumulative~~ beneficial effects that would occur. Although proposed public goods would have to adhere to the criteria listed above, they would often do so in different ways. For instance, the basic level of service provided by the physical infrastructure as a public good is significantly different than the basic level of service provided by the proposed web caching scheme. On top of this, the performance improvements provided by one public good would most most likely increase due to the performance gains introduced by other, new public goods. Generally speaking, the more aspects of the Internet that fulfill the above criteria that are converted into public goods will only increase the more we will notice each individual advantage. On top of the cumulative benefits that public goods on the Internet provide, they would also allow for new technologies to emerge. Putting these resources into the ~~publics~~' hands would allow everyday people to have easier access to them then ever before. One example given was with the full web application caching discussed earlier. This type of open access to computing resources would allow people with great ideas to implement, test and deploy them to the world wide web in a way that was never possible before.		We first focused on which aspects of the Internet to convert into public goods by examining three ideal candidates: physical infrastructure, web caching and DNS. From examining these entities, a list of common criteria that could be used to identify future public goods on the Internet were exposed. By using this set of criteria one would be able to successfully identify future public goods candidates. Additional benefits of bringing aspects of the Internet under the public's control is the cumulatively beneficial effects that would occur. Although proposed public goods would have to adhere to the criteria listed above, they would often do so in different ways. For instance, the basic level of service provided by the physical infrastructure as a public good is significantly different than the basic level of service provided by the proposed web caching scheme. On top of this, the performance improvements provided by one public good would most most likely increase due to the performance gains introduced by other, new public goods. Generally speaking, the more aspects of the Internet that fulfill the above criteria that are converted into public goods will only increase the more we will notice each individual advantage. On top of the cumulative benefits that public goods on the Internet provide, they would also allow for new technologies to emerge. Putting these resources into the public's hands would allow everyday people to have easier access to them then ever before. One example given was with the full web application caching discussed earlier. This type of open access to computing resources would allow people with great ideas to implement, test and deploy them to the world wide web in a way that was never possible before. Another opportunity lies in a simultaneous deployment of DNS and web caching. The hierarchical nature of DNS caching coincides ideally with that of web caching, thus providing a combined benefit for the public good.

	Moving into the future, the Internet is going to play a larger and larger role in our day-to-day lives. For this reason alone it will be vital to ensure that the Internet itself will evolve with its changing demands and for the fundamental aspects of the Internet to be secured. The best and only true way of doing this will be to give the users the overall control.		Moving into the future, the Internet is going to play a larger and larger role in our day-to-day lives. For this reason alone it will be vital to ensure that the Internet itself will evolve with its changing demands and for the fundamental aspects of the Internet to be secured. The best and only true way of doing this will be to give the users the overall control.

Frahman: /* Advantages of DNS as a Public Good */

2011-04-13T01:38:10Z

Advantages of DNS as a Public Good

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:38, 13 April 2011
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	When it comes to implementing any sort of next generation service or upgrade, it will be done when deemed most ideal for the public. The incremental deployment of the CoDoNS service		When it comes to implementing any sort of next generation service or upgrade, it will be done when deemed most ideal for the public. The incremental deployment of the CoDoNS service

	*'''~~Dual Implementation with Web Caching~~'''		*'''Improved Robustness'''

	A DNS cache can be implemented hierarchically ~~along with a public web cache~~ to ~~capitalize further on the benefits of web caching, namely reduction of~~ latency, wasted bandwidth and enhanced ~~robustness and~~ reliability. The cache ~~is also~~ democratized as users only need to ~~user~~ the sites as they ~~see fit and they will appear~~ in the cache for ~~faster~~ lookup ~~and content retrieval~~.		A DNS cache can be implemented hierarchically in an effort to reduce latency, wasted bandwidth and enhanced reliability for DNS lookups. The cache ends up being democratized as users only need to use the sites as they do resulting in them appearing higher in the cache for rapid lookup.

	*'''Universal basic level of service'''		*'''Universal basic level of service'''

Lmundt: /* Implementation Issues */

2011-04-12T23:08:42Z

Implementation Issues

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:08, 12 April 2011
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	*'''Performance'''		*'''Performance'''

	Processing power will always improve, but the combination of the all the factors mentioned above leaves much improvement ~~for~~ performance and robustness ~~issues~~.		Processing power will always improve, but the combination of the all the factors mentioned above leaves much improvement in regards to performance and robustness.

	===DNS Evolution===		===DNS Evolution===

Lmundt: /* Implementation Overview */

2011-04-12T23:04:11Z

Implementation Overview

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:04, 12 April 2011
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	From a user’s perspective, there are two categories of options when it comes to using DNS:		From a user’s perspective, there are two categories of options when it comes to using DNS:
	*Default Option (ISP)
	*Alternatives (Public)

	====ISP====		====ISP====

Lmundt: /* Conclusion */

2011-04-12T22:57:25Z

Conclusion

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:57, 12 April 2011
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	As we know, the Internet is becoming a ubiquitous entity in modern day society and access to it is becoming more and more essential as time goes by. It is due to this necessity that people will have a much greater incentive in owning and controlling how the Internet works, basically transitioning the Internet into a public good. However, there are significant portions of the Internet that would be undesirable or unlikely to be held by the public. Many modern businesses rely on the Internet today for a significant portion of their revenue and are actually responsible for a lot of innovation and evolution within the Internet itself. For these reasons it makes most sense to bring portions of the Internet under the public's control.		As we know, the Internet is becoming a ubiquitous entity in modern day society and access to it is becoming more and more essential as time goes by. It is due to this necessity that people will have a much greater incentive in owning and controlling how the Internet works, basically transitioning the Internet into a public good. However, there are significant portions of the Internet that would be undesirable or unlikely to be held by the public. Many modern businesses rely on the Internet today for a significant portion of their revenue and are actually responsible for a lot of innovation and evolution within the Internet itself. For these reasons it makes most sense to bring portions of the Internet under the public's control.

	We first focused on which aspects of the Internet to convert into public goods by examining three ideal candidates: physical infrastructure, web caching and DNS. From examining these entities, a list of common criteria that could be used to identify future public goods on the Internet were exposed. By using this set of criteria one would be able to successfully identify future public goods candidates. Additional benefits of bringing aspects of the Internet under the public's control is the cumulative beneficial effects that would occur. Although proposed public goods would have to adhere to the criteria listed above, they would often do so in different ways. For instance, the basic level of service provided by the physical infrastructure as a public good is significantly different than the basic level of service provided by the proposed web caching scheme. On top of this, the performance improvements provided by one public good would most most likely increase due to the performance gains introduced by other, new public goods. Generally speaking, the more aspects of the Internet that fulfill the above criteria that are converted into public goods will only increase the more we will notice each individual advantage. On top of the cumulative benefits that public goods on the Internet provide, they would also allow for new technologies to emerge. Putting these resources into the publics' hands would allow everyday people to have easier access to them then ever before. One example ~~give~~ was with the full web application caching discussed earlier. This type of open access to computing resources would allow people with great ideas to implement, test and deploy them to the world wide web in a way that was never possible before.		We first focused on which aspects of the Internet to convert into public goods by examining three ideal candidates: physical infrastructure, web caching and DNS. From examining these entities, a list of common criteria that could be used to identify future public goods on the Internet were exposed. By using this set of criteria one would be able to successfully identify future public goods candidates. Additional benefits of bringing aspects of the Internet under the public's control is the cumulative beneficial effects that would occur. Although proposed public goods would have to adhere to the criteria listed above, they would often do so in different ways. For instance, the basic level of service provided by the physical infrastructure as a public good is significantly different than the basic level of service provided by the proposed web caching scheme. On top of this, the performance improvements provided by one public good would most most likely increase due to the performance gains introduced by other, new public goods. Generally speaking, the more aspects of the Internet that fulfill the above criteria that are converted into public goods will only increase the more we will notice each individual advantage. On top of the cumulative benefits that public goods on the Internet provide, they would also allow for new technologies to emerge. Putting these resources into the publics' hands would allow everyday people to have easier access to them then ever before. One example given was with the full web application caching discussed earlier. This type of open access to computing resources would allow people with great ideas to implement, test and deploy them to the world wide web in a way that was never possible before.

	Moving into the future, the Internet is going to play a larger and larger role in our day-to-day lives. For this reason alone it will be vital to ensure that the Internet itself will evolve with its changing demands and for the fundamental aspects of the Internet to be secured. The best and only true way of doing this will be to give the users the overall control.		Moving into the future, the Internet is going to play a larger and larger role in our day-to-day lives. For this reason alone it will be vital to ensure that the Internet itself will evolve with its changing demands and for the fundamental aspects of the Internet to be secured. The best and only true way of doing this will be to give the users the overall control.

Aschoenr: /* Members */

2011-04-12T04:17:14Z

Members

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:17, 12 April 2011
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	=Miscellaneous=		=Miscellaneous=
	==Members==		==Members==
	*Lester Mundt ~~- lmundt at connect.carleton.ca~~		*Lester Mundt
	*Fahim Rahman ~~- frahman at connect.carleton.ca~~		*Fahim Rahman
	*Andrew Schoenrock ~~- aschoenr at scs.carleton.ca~~		*Andrew Schoenrock

	==Presentation==		==Presentation==
	[https://docs.google.com/present/edit?id=0AYULfbx_Ww_hZDZ3YnNicF8yZjR2Yng2YzI&hl=en&authkey=CNqB9o0G As presented April 5, 2011]		[https://docs.google.com/present/edit?id=0AYULfbx_Ww_hZDZ3YnNicF8yZjR2Yng2YzI&hl=en&authkey=CNqB9o0G As presented April 5, 2011]

Aschoenr: /* Alternative/Public */

2011-04-12T04:16:47Z

Alternative/Public

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:16, 12 April 2011
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	More knowledgeable users can configure a setup where their DNS requests are processed via any number of alternative options such as Google's public DNS project<ref name="GDNS">Google Public DNS [http://code.google.com/speed/public-dns/ link]</ref> or OpenDNS<ref name="openDNS">OpenDNS [http://www.opendns.com/ link]</ref>. This can be a healthy approach to avoid the ISP issues, but still imparts significant trust on another corporation or "good Samaritans" in a public community.		More knowledgeable users can configure a setup where their DNS requests are processed via any number of alternative options such as Google's public DNS project<ref name="GDNS">Google Public DNS [http://code.google.com/speed/public-dns/ link]</ref> or OpenDNS<ref name="openDNS">OpenDNS [http://www.opendns.com/ link]</ref>. This can be a healthy approach to avoid the ISP issues, but still imparts significant trust on another corporation or "good Samaritans" in a public community.

	Issues arise when considering user privacy though. In the case of Google, there is reason to consider how Google will end up treating and using the information it gains access to, even given a clean track record, when it comes to providing free applications and services to users.<ref name ="DNS5">JR Raphael. Google Public DNS: Good for privacy? PCWorld.com. December 2009 - Accessed March 2011[http://features.techworld.com/networking/3208133/google-public-dns-good-for-privacy/ link]</ref> Google would now have deep access to user behaviour in being able to determine every single thing that is being sought out.<ref name="DNS6">Google Public DNS: Wonderful Freebie or Big New Menace? - Accessed March 2011[http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/183650/google_public_dns_wonderful_freebie_or_big_new_menace.html link]</ref>. Resource and maintenance issues need to be considered as well for any "community-based" project. As strong as user generated communities can be at providing and generating ample content, it is difficult to imagine this large responsibility lying on the back of these "good Samaritans." The configuration may also demand a fair bit of the end user as local DNS settings may have to be changed frequently to keep up with changes as they occur.<ref name="DNS7">Free Fast Public DNS Servers List - Accessed March 2011[http://theos.in/windows-xp/free-fast-public-dns-server-list/ link]</ref>		Issues arise when considering user privacy though. In the case of Google, there is reason to consider how Google will end up treating and using the information it gains access to, even given a clean track record, when it comes to providing free applications and services to users.<ref name ="DNS5">JR Raphael. Google Public DNS: Good for privacy? PCWorld.com. December 2009 - Accessed March 2011[http://features.techworld.com/networking/3208133/google-public-dns-good-for-privacy/ link]</ref> Google would now have deep access to user behaviour in being able to determine every single thing that is being sought out.<ref name="DNS6">David Coursey. Google Public DNS: Wonderful Freebie or Big New Menace? PCWorld.com. December 2009. - Accessed March 2011[http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/183650/google_public_dns_wonderful_freebie_or_big_new_menace.html link]</ref>. Resource and maintenance issues need to be considered as well for any "community-based" project. As strong as user generated communities can be at providing and generating ample content, it is difficult to imagine this large responsibility lying on the back of these "good Samaritans." The configuration may also demand a fair bit of the end user as local DNS settings may have to be changed frequently to keep up with changes as they occur.<ref name="DNS7">Free Fast Public DNS Servers List - Accessed March 2011[http://theos.in/windows-xp/free-fast-public-dns-server-list/ link]</ref>

	====Implementation Issues====		====Implementation Issues====

Aschoenr: /* DNS Evolution */

2011-04-12T04:15:38Z

DNS Evolution

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:15, 12 April 2011
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	Caching is a major aspect in the improvements that lay ahead of DNS performance. DNS caching has become a major aspect to improving performance by reducing latency much like web caching provides for regular content browsing. DNS caches could be contained within the Web Caching Schemes presented in the previous section. The hierarchical structure described can function equally well for DNS purposes. Ideally, the DNS cache would essentially piggyback at each level of the web cache, thereby locally providing content in a somewhat democratic fashion; users are able to dictate what sites are loaded quickly simply by visiting them.		Caching is a major aspect in the improvements that lay ahead of DNS performance. DNS caching has become a major aspect to improving performance by reducing latency much like web caching provides for regular content browsing. DNS caches could be contained within the Web Caching Schemes presented in the previous section. The hierarchical structure described can function equally well for DNS purposes. Ideally, the DNS cache would essentially piggyback at each level of the web cache, thereby locally providing content in a somewhat democratic fashion; users are able to dictate what sites are loaded quickly simply by visiting them.

	Research is being done on improving the performance, attack resiliency, bottleneck prevention and update propagation issues that hinder the legacy DNS deployment, even if it is aided by caching. One candidate as a next generation naming system, actively being researched at Cornell University, is entitled Cooperative Domain Name System (CoDoNS).<ref name="CoDoNS">Venugopalan Ramasubramanian and Emin Gün Sirer. 2004. The design and implementation of a next generation name service for the Internet. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 34, 4 (August 2004), 331-342. DOI=10.1145/1030194.1015504 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1030194.1015504. Accessed March 2011[http://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/2004/papers/p292-ramasubramanian1111.pdf link]</ref>. Through a structure based on caching and peer to peer distribution, the system boasts an improvement on all the factors indicated above. It also adds the benefit that it is incrementally deployable which is a very important point when it comes to upgrading any part of a complex, distributed system like the Internet. Due to the high-level nature of the discussion of this report, technical specifications will be avoided in favour of looking at the role of DNS as a whole for its use as a public good. In essence, the static DNS tree is decentralized and distributed across the network with this implementation. This removes the issues of bottlenecks and increases resiliency against attack as the single points of failure have been removed.		Research is being done on improving the performance, attack resiliency, bottleneck prevention and update propagation issues that hinder the legacy DNS deployment, even if it is aided by caching. One candidate as a next generation naming system, actively being researched at Cornell University, is entitled Cooperative Domain Name System (CoDoNS).<ref name="CoDoNS">Venugopalan Ramasubramanian and Emin Gün Sirer. 2004. The design and implementation of a next generation name service for the Internet. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 34, 4 (August 2004), 331-342. DOI=10.1145/1030194.1015504 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1030194.1015504. Accessed March 2011 [http://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/2004/papers/p292-ramasubramanian1111.pdf link]</ref>. Through a structure based on caching and peer to peer distribution, the system boasts an improvement on all the factors indicated above. It also adds the benefit that it is incrementally deployable which is a very important point when it comes to upgrading any part of a complex, distributed system like the Internet. Due to the high-level nature of the discussion of this report, technical specifications will be avoided in favour of looking at the role of DNS as a whole for its use as a public good. In essence, the static DNS tree is decentralized and distributed across the network with this implementation. This removes the issues of bottlenecks and increases resiliency against attack as the single points of failure have been removed.

	===DNS as a Public Good===		===DNS as a Public Good===

Aschoenr: /* Alternative/Public */

2011-04-12T04:14:56Z

Alternative/Public

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:14, 12 April 2011
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	More knowledgeable users can configure a setup where their DNS requests are processed via any number of alternative options such as Google's public DNS project<ref name="GDNS">Google Public DNS [http://code.google.com/speed/public-dns/ link]</ref> or OpenDNS<ref name="openDNS">OpenDNS [http://www.opendns.com/ link]</ref>. This can be a healthy approach to avoid the ISP issues, but still imparts significant trust on another corporation or "good Samaritans" in a public community.		More knowledgeable users can configure a setup where their DNS requests are processed via any number of alternative options such as Google's public DNS project<ref name="GDNS">Google Public DNS [http://code.google.com/speed/public-dns/ link]</ref> or OpenDNS<ref name="openDNS">OpenDNS [http://www.opendns.com/ link]</ref>. This can be a healthy approach to avoid the ISP issues, but still imparts significant trust on another corporation or "good Samaritans" in a public community.

	Issues arise when considering user privacy though. In the case of Google, there is reason to consider how Google will end up treating and using the information it gains access to, even given a clean track record, when it comes to providing free applications and services to users.<ref name ="DNS5">Google Public DNS: Good for privacy? - Accessed March 2011[http://features.techworld.com/networking/3208133/google-public-dns-good-for-privacy/ link]</ref> Google would now have deep access to user behaviour in being able to determine every single thing that is being sought out.<ref name="DNS6">Google Public DNS: Wonderful Freebie or Big New Menace? - Accessed March 2011[http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/183650/google_public_dns_wonderful_freebie_or_big_new_menace.html link]</ref>. Resource and maintenance issues need to be considered as well for any "community-based" project. As strong as user generated communities can be at providing and generating ample content, it is difficult to imagine this large responsibility lying on the back of these "good Samaritans." The configuration may also demand a fair bit of the end user as local DNS settings may have to be changed frequently to keep up with changes as they occur.<ref name="DNS7">Free Fast Public DNS Servers List - Accessed March 2011[http://theos.in/windows-xp/free-fast-public-dns-server-list/ link]</ref>		Issues arise when considering user privacy though. In the case of Google, there is reason to consider how Google will end up treating and using the information it gains access to, even given a clean track record, when it comes to providing free applications and services to users.<ref name ="DNS5">JR Raphael. Google Public DNS: Good for privacy? PCWorld.com. December 2009 - Accessed March 2011[http://features.techworld.com/networking/3208133/google-public-dns-good-for-privacy/ link]</ref> Google would now have deep access to user behaviour in being able to determine every single thing that is being sought out.<ref name="DNS6">Google Public DNS: Wonderful Freebie or Big New Menace? - Accessed March 2011[http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/183650/google_public_dns_wonderful_freebie_or_big_new_menace.html link]</ref>. Resource and maintenance issues need to be considered as well for any "community-based" project. As strong as user generated communities can be at providing and generating ample content, it is difficult to imagine this large responsibility lying on the back of these "good Samaritans." The configuration may also demand a fair bit of the end user as local DNS settings may have to be changed frequently to keep up with changes as they occur.<ref name="DNS7">Free Fast Public DNS Servers List - Accessed March 2011[http://theos.in/windows-xp/free-fast-public-dns-server-list/ link]</ref>

	====Implementation Issues====		====Implementation Issues====

Aschoenr: /* Alternative/Public */

2011-04-12T04:13:23Z

Alternative/Public

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:13, 12 April 2011
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	====Alternative/Public====		====Alternative/Public====

	More knowledgeable users can configure a setup where their DNS requests are processed via any number of alternative options such as Google's public DNS project<ref name="GDNS">Google Public DNS[http://code.google.com/speed/public-dns/ link]</ref> or OpenDNS<ref name="openDNS">OpenDNS [http://www.opendns.com/ link]</ref>. This can be a healthy approach to avoid the ISP issues, but still imparts significant trust on another corporation or "good Samaritans" in a public community.		More knowledgeable users can configure a setup where their DNS requests are processed via any number of alternative options such as Google's public DNS project<ref name="GDNS">Google Public DNS [http://code.google.com/speed/public-dns/ link]</ref> or OpenDNS<ref name="openDNS">OpenDNS [http://www.opendns.com/ link]</ref>. This can be a healthy approach to avoid the ISP issues, but still imparts significant trust on another corporation or "good Samaritans" in a public community.

	Issues arise when considering user privacy though. In the case of Google, there is reason to consider how Google will end up treating and using the information it gains access to, even given a clean track record, when it comes to providing free applications and services to users.<ref name ="DNS5">Google Public DNS: Good for privacy? - Accessed March 2011[http://features.techworld.com/networking/3208133/google-public-dns-good-for-privacy/ link]</ref> Google would now have deep access to user behaviour in being able to determine every single thing that is being sought out.<ref name="DNS6">Google Public DNS: Wonderful Freebie or Big New Menace? - Accessed March 2011[http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/183650/google_public_dns_wonderful_freebie_or_big_new_menace.html link]</ref>. Resource and maintenance issues need to be considered as well for any "community-based" project. As strong as user generated communities can be at providing and generating ample content, it is difficult to imagine this large responsibility lying on the back of these "good Samaritans." The configuration may also demand a fair bit of the end user as local DNS settings may have to be changed frequently to keep up with changes as they occur.<ref name="DNS7">Free Fast Public DNS Servers List - Accessed March 2011[http://theos.in/windows-xp/free-fast-public-dns-server-list/ link]</ref>		Issues arise when considering user privacy though. In the case of Google, there is reason to consider how Google will end up treating and using the information it gains access to, even given a clean track record, when it comes to providing free applications and services to users.<ref name ="DNS5">Google Public DNS: Good for privacy? - Accessed March 2011[http://features.techworld.com/networking/3208133/google-public-dns-good-for-privacy/ link]</ref> Google would now have deep access to user behaviour in being able to determine every single thing that is being sought out.<ref name="DNS6">Google Public DNS: Wonderful Freebie or Big New Menace? - Accessed March 2011[http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/183650/google_public_dns_wonderful_freebie_or_big_new_menace.html link]</ref>. Resource and maintenance issues need to be considered as well for any "community-based" project. As strong as user generated communities can be at providing and generating ample content, it is difficult to imagine this large responsibility lying on the back of these "good Samaritans." The configuration may also demand a fair bit of the end user as local DNS settings may have to be changed frequently to keep up with changes as they occur.<ref name="DNS7">Free Fast Public DNS Servers List - Accessed March 2011[http://theos.in/windows-xp/free-fast-public-dns-server-list/ link]</ref>